A foreground and background color can pass a pairwise ratio check and still fail in the product. That happens when hierarchy changes effective contrast: small label text, hairline borders, subtle dividers, disabled or muted states, nested surfaces, and busy layouts all shift what users actually perceive.
Readability is a system problem: typography scale, line length, surface layering, component states, and spacing matter as much as the raw hex values. Isolated chips do not show those interactions.
ChromUI previews themes in layouts that resemble real work (dashboards, content sites, documentation) so you evaluate accessibility where it will ship, then adjust tokens and re-check without leaving the workflow.